Improvement in apparatus foe consuming smoke and gas



. 1). E. SOMES. APPARATUS FOR GONSUMING SMOKE AND GAS, AND INCREASINGDRAFT IN BOILER FURNACES. No. "77,226.

Pate'nt'ed Apr. 28, 1868.

Jul-norms PEIERS 60., mmau'mu. wunmoron. o, c,

gutter iutrs gaunt @ft'irr.

DANIEL n. scams, OF WASHINGTON CITY, DISTRICTOF COLUMBIA;

- Lam Patent No. 77,226, dated Ap'rz'l 28, 1868.

IMPROVEMENT A'IPARATUS FOR OONSUMIN G SMOKE AND GAS, AND INCREASINGDRAUGHT I; IN BOILER-FURNACES."

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TO ALL WHOM IT NIAY CONCERN:

I Be it known that I, DANIEL E. Sonics, of Washington, District ofColumbia, have-invented a new-and useful Apparatus for Consuming Smokeand Gas, and for Heating Air, 820.; and I do hereby declare thatithefoll wing is a full, 'clear,'and exact description thereof, referencebeing had to the annexed drawings, making part of this specification, inwhich I Figure 1 is a plan or top view of my invention.

Figure 2 is an end elevation,

Figure 3 is a. longitudinal sectionon the line X X of fig. 1.

'Figure 4 is a similar section on the line XI XI; and

Figure 5 is a transversevertical section on'the line XII XII.

Theother figures represent modifications of'fii'y inv'nt-ion and partsin detail.

In all the figures, like parts are indicated by the same letters ofreference.

The nature of my invention consists I I First. In forcing or drawinggas,-h0t air, smoke, or vapor, from a flueor chimney, around to thefire-box of the same steam-boiler, furnace, or other heating-apparatusin which they or any of them originated, by means I of a blast orcurrent of cold or fresh air, or steam, or both, whether said current beproduced by a fan-blower,

air-p ump, the motion of the apparatus against the air, or byv'any othermeans.

Second. In forcing or drawing hot air, gas, smoke, or vapor from a flueor chimney of any steam-boiler, furnace, or other heating-apparatus, bymeans of a current of cold or fresh air, or steam, or both, traversing adifierent channel for a iven distance and then im in in u on said smokeas can or or hot air at such 5 a P 1-.-, g P 1g 1 P 2 2 an angle as willcause a draught toward the fire-box in a common flue'or channel.

Third. In constructing a continuous flue or channeL-whereby the smokeand hot or warm air of any steamboiler, furnace, or otherheating-apparatus maybe conducted or forced around from the pointwhereit shall have effected its primary object backto its producing fireagain, through which it shall be made to pass.

Fourth. In constructing a continuous flue or channel, as above, withanother flue or channel along a .part of its length, with a partitionbetween -them, and both opening into one, so that when the current ofair is forced into. one of said flucsor channels, it will produce adraught in the other, whereby the smoke andhot or warm air in thefire-box and smoke-flue will be drawn into the common flue, and drivento the fire-box by the current of air. v

Fifth. In heating air, which aids combustion, before it'is admitted tothe fire-box of'a steam-boiler, &c.

The object of my invention is mainly to secure a completeconsumption, inthe same fire that produces them, of all the gaseous and carbonaceousproducts of combustion, so that no smoke or vapors shall escape from thechimney, and thereby economize in the quantity of fHGl Sgd W-Ell. asconduce to cleanliness in the immediate neighborhood of the operation ofmy apparatus; 7

In the drawing, A A, figs. 1, 2, 3, and 5, represents the shell of asteam-boiler, of any construction. is the fire-chamber, having hollowo'r tubular grate-bars, for the flow of water or.steam through them.These grate'bars are shown as pipes, by red lines in fig. 1, passing inat one side of the fire-box, and, after forming a. grate, passing outthrough the other side. D is a chamber, constructed of the same materialand in the same general manner with the boiler-shell A, and connectedwith the fire-box .B, and the flue-space at the opposite end i of theshell by fines a a. The flue a, at the front end of the boiler, opensinto the ash-pit under the grate-bars O. The lines a a are furnishedwith dampers, by which they can be completely closed, when necessary.The smoke-stack b, from the rear of the boiler, and the stack c, fremthe frontend'of the chamber D, are'both also provided with dampers,whereby they can be effectually closed.

' The chamber D is divided, for a portion of'its length, into an, upperand lower division, by a horizontal partition-plate, (Z, to the frontedge of which is hinged another plate, d, so that by its swing upward ordownward, the mouth of either division may be contracted or enlarged;the plate d being operated by a cam or endless screw, or any equivalentdevice, through the shell of the chamber D'. A fan-blower or air-pump,E, or equivalent forcing-agent, is connected witlithe lower division ofthe chamber'D, at its rear end, and a similar blowing or forcing-device,F, may b so attached as to communicate with the upper division of thechamber D, as seen in fig. 4. A door, e, is made at the-rear end of thechamber D, over the fan E, through which, when opened, air may besupplied to the upper division when' desirable. Ordinary furnace-doorsare .a'lso' fitted to thefire-box apd ash-pit at the front epd of theboiler-shell A.

A steam-pipe, G, furnished with valves or stop-cocks, passes into thelower division of the chamber D, through the side, and after traversingits width, say two or three times, terminates,v by a closed end. Theclosed limb of this pipe, which extends clear across the lower divisionof the chamber D, is pcrt'orated wilh minute holes, for the ejectionofjiets of steamupward and towards the fro 'nt cnd of the chamber.

The pipe H, throughiwhich steam or water is supplied to tho tubulargrate-ha rs G, is alsoconnccted with-a pipe, I, extending across theflue-space i n' the -boiler-shell A, in the same manner as the pipe G inthe chamber D, and, like that pipe, is;also perforated with minuteholes, but so that ejection may occur in the opposite direction, ortowards the rear, as well as upward. Stop-cocksf are also provided forthe p ipcs II and I, so that they may be closed or opened to each otherwhen desired. The pipe leading froth the other end of the tubulargrate-b'ars 0 passes out through the side or through the flue a, and upinto the stack 0, or may be carried to a point where the steam,generated or superheated within it, may be applied to use It will beseen that the smoke and'fiam e g 'from the fire'-bo'x, after passingthrough the flucs or tubes of a steam-boi1erto the rear fi'ue-space inthe shell A, 'will', ifthe stack 6 be closed by its damper, pass throughthe flue a into the lower division of the chambe'rDt-aud if a blast ofair be forced into ,the lower division of the chamber D by the fan E, orits equivalent, its passage across the opening of the flue a willproduce a draught through said fiue, bringing"the smoke and otherproducts'of combustion with it, and carry them through the flue a intothe ash-pit.under the grate-bars. If jets-of steam or water be thrownthrough the perforations of the pipe G into the current thus produced,the carbonaceous matter and gases drawn from the boiler-shell willbecome highly oxygenized by mixture with the air a'nd hot steam orvapoigand 'when forced into the tire will become ignited and thoroughlyconsumed, greatly increasing-tho heat of the fii'e, and, as a matter ofcourse, lessening the amount of fuel required. Thus by the action of thefan, a constant draught through the fire-box, boiler-fines, and chamberD, may be kept up, by which every particle of combustible matter maybecarried into the fire and consumed, so that no appearance of smoke willbe made from the stack or chimney, which will be kept closed by itsdamper, as hereinbefordset forth, afterthe fire is started.

' If the apparatus be attached to a locomotive or other movingsteam-boiler, the drought may be kept up, without the fan, by openingthe door eat that end of the division, D. The use of the fan E may bedispensed with, .and another fan, F, made to force cold-or fresh airalong the upper division of the chamber D, until'it meets and impingeson the volume of smoke and gas, or vapor, in the lower division, at thefront cndof the division-plate OZ, and thence carry it to the fire-boxthrough the flue a, as before set forth.

By raising or lowering the end of the swinging plate d, the amount ofcold air let in to the smoke may be varied and regulated as therequirements may demand.

Figure 6 is a sketch, showing the manner of connecting a steam-boilerwith a cupola. or smelting or puddling-furnace, by my apparatus, so thatthe heat from the stack, andthe smoke, gases, vapor, carbon, &c., may bedrawn or forced therefrom, and made to pass through the fire-box of thesteam-boiler, as hereinbofore described. In this figure, 6, K is thestack or chimney of a furnace or other structure for generating heat,closed at the top, when necessary, by such a damper as is commonly used.5'

From a point in the stack, between the fire-bed and its top, a flue, L,leads to the chamber, D, of my apparatus, its end terminating at theejection-opening of'a fan or equivalent device for forcing air or steam,or both, in such a manner that the current or blast from the fan maycross the mouth of the line L at such afvangle with it as to produce adraught therein from the chimney or'stack, and draw the products ofcombustion or force them into the fire-box of a boiler through the fluea, in the manner and for the purpose before described; p

f A steam or water-pipe, g, shown by red' lines in fig. 6, may be placedin the stack, in the formfiof a coil or system in which steam may begenerated or superheated, to be 'conveyed away to any point where it maybe required as a motive-power, or for producing draught, or for anyother purpose. I

Figure 7 is an elevation of a tubular locomotive or other steam-boiler,M, showing, the fire-chamber, B, at the rear end, in section .7," Thefront end of the boiler has a flue-space, h, shown by red lines, and inthe cross-section, Figure 8, into which the tubes 2' of the boiler openfrom the fire-box. With this flue-space the stack N connects, passingthrough an air-chamber, O, which is external to andSurroundstheiliue-space N and the front end of the boiler, and isprovided with a door, a, similar to the door at the fan-endof thechamber D, fig. 4. The fire-box B is surrounded on its top, sides, andfront, with an air-chamber, 0, (see cross-section, Figure 9,)communicating with the ash-pit, through its sides and back, by means ofregisters or dampers K,underthe 1 1 grate-bars, which may, if desirable,be hollow or tubular, as hereinbefore described. The air-chambers O Oare connected by a number of air-pipes, P, extending from one to theother, along the outside of the boiler. The same number of other pipes,Q, extend from, the flue-space h rearwards, and parallelwith the pipesP, nearly to the air-chamber O, surrounding the fire-box, at whichpoints the pipes Q are made to connect with the pipes P, so as toconstitute pairs, each pair haviug a common outlet through its pipe Pinto, the air-chamber 0', around the fire-boxl l f The union of thepipes P and Q may be a rectangular one, as shown in Figure 10, or thejunction may be a more acute angle, as seen in Figure '11;

X The pipes P and Q may be made, to pass from the chamber 0 andsmoke-flue it, through thelbody. of the boiler, among the tubesor-flues, to theair-chamber around the fire-box, instead of being orithe outside of the boiler, as shown; .or, in another construction, theflue-tubes may he closed at their ends which are farthest frpm the fire-chamber, and connect directly with air-pipes P, leading from theair-chamber 0, through the body the boiler, to the air-chamber 0',around the fire-box. In this case the fluespace It will be dispensedwith, The connection of the flues z with the pipes P will be the same asthose of the pipes, Qwith sa'id air-pipes, and the eheot o the operationof the cold air upon the products of combustion will be the same in allof these con-. structions. Automaton-valves she 111d be placed in thepipes 'P, so arranged that, by closing, return or back draught shall beprevented in the air and smoke-fines or pipes. I

- A current or blast of air, made to pass through the pipes Pby a-fan orequivalent device, will, in passing the connecting-openings with thepipes Q, or the flue-tubes i, produce in them a draught from theflue-space h, or directly from the fire-box of the smoke and. gases, andwill force them through the registers it again into the fire.

When moving atlspeed, the door 'e'can be opened, and the draught orcurrent will be kept up by the onward motionofthe boiler. Combined withthe door e, or independent of it, a flueor pipe may lead into theair-chamber O, and be provided with a hood to direct the external airinto the chamber without regard to the direction in which the boiler maybe moving.

Steam-pipes may be made to terminate in either or both the pipes P andQ, or the tubes 2', as seen in fig. 11, for the purpose of aiding thecurrent or draught by their ejections.

The pipes, passing through the apparatus or through the stack of aheating-apparatus, wherein steam. is to be'generated or superheated, maybe made to connect with a steam-drum or chest, not shown in the drawing,properly provided with a safety-valve, from which it may be conducted toany point where its service may he wanted.

I (lo not intend to confine myself to any particular form or arrangementof hollow or tubular grate-bars,

when such willbe used, nor do I intehd to confine myself to the use ofhollow or tubular grate-bars, but shall use the kind in common usewhenever it may be deemed expedient.

Figure 12 is aslretch, showing an air-pipe or line, meeting a similardue for smoke or gases, both contracted at their orifices for thepurpose of producing a draught in one by a blast through the other, assetforth.

Figure 13 is a sketch, showing the manner in which the pipes Pand flues2' are connected, so as to produce a draught in the latter by a blastthrough the formerin the direction indicated by the arrows. I I

In the operation of my invention it will be found necessary to regulatethe supply of air to be mingled with'the productions of combustion, insuch a manner that a large or small quantity may be'secured, accordingto the kind and amount of fuel used.

v This] accomplish by mpans of valves or dampers, or their equivalents,or by increasing the velocity of the-current of air, or'by-nmlr'ing' theair-pipes largci"tlian the smoke-fines; or,- all these means may b'euserl together. In order to sccurecomplete combustion of smoke, a volumeof air from three to ten times larger than that of the smoke isrequired,'but if-steam, or superheated steam be used in conjunction withair, a much smaller volume will be sufficient toproduce the necessaryamount of oxygen.

Instead of using tubes or pipes in pairs, as shownand described, (sec PQ,) I may sometimes use large airpipes, with several small pipes openinginto them, thereby securing a larger area for air than would be done ina given space if the air-pipes were small.

. I Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim therein asnew, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is- V 1.. The drawing orforcing, or drawing and forcing the smoke, gases, vapors, &c.-, from thefire-chamber of a boiler or furnace, or other heating-apparatus, andinto the same fire-chamber again bya current or blast of:

air, steam, or' vapor, or any or all of them, for the purpose and in themanner set forth.

2. The drawing or forcing, or drawing and forcing, the smoke and otherproducts ofcombustion from the fire-chamber of a steam-boiler, furnace,or othc'r heating-apparatus, by means of a current or blast of airtravrsing one or more different channels from such productsofcombustion, for a given distanqe, and then made to impinge on saidproducts so as to mingle with and drive or draw them through a commonflue into the originating fire-chamber, substantially as and for thepurpose set forth.

3. The drawing or-forcing, or drawing and forcing, the products ofcombustion from the fire-chamber or flue of a paddling or other furnace,or steam-boiler or other heating-apparatus, through the flues of anothersteam-boiler or other heating-apparatus, by means of a current or blastof air, or steam or vapor, substantially as set forth. p A

4. The combination of the shell A, and the flucs and flue-spaces of asteam-boiler, with the chamber D,

and its flue-openings a a, and an air-pumppfau-blower, or equivalentdevice, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. Thcchambcr D, when divided by apartition-plate, dot, and combinedwith a. steam-boiler or other heating-apparatus, substantially 'as andfor the purpose set fort 6. The connection and arrangement offtheperforated pipes Fand I with the shell A and flue-spaces of asteam-boiler, or with the chamber D, or with both, substantially as andfor the purpose set forth. I

7. The combination of the air-chambers O O, and pipes P Q, or theirequivalents, whether on the outside of the shell of a boiler or otherheating-apparatus, or extending through the interior of.th'e same,substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

8. The combination of the pipes P Q, or their equivalents, with theirinterior steam-pipes, fig. 11, for the purpose set forth. 4

.91 The combination of'the air-chambers 0 O, and air-pipes I, or theirequivalents, with the dues of a steam-bo1ler or otherheatrng-apparatus,substantially as and for the purpose hereinIset forth, and shownin fig.13.

10. Hosting air by forcing or drawing it through bipes or channels,along or around the shell, or through the interior of & steam-boiler,-substantiallyss set forth.

11. Oxygenizing gas and smoke, as and for the purposo set,forth.

12. The pipes P and Q, substantially in the manner and for the purposese forth.

13. The smoke and air-tubes, substantially asshown in fig. 12, and forthe purpose set forth.

14. Generating steam, as sesforth, and for the purposes described.

D. E; SOMES! Witnesses:

F. G. 'SOMES, GM 0. Huummms.

